Wearable Computing - Revision history

Caseorganic at 16:31, 27 January 2013

2013-01-27T16:31:59Z

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	*[[Wearcomp]]		*[[Wearcomp]]
	*[[Sousveillance]]		*[[Sousveillance]]
			*[[EyeTap]]

	== References ==		== References ==

Caseorganic at 16:27, 27 January 2013

2013-01-27T16:27:18Z

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	====Active Badge====		====Active Badge====
	In 1990 Italian computer manufacturer Olivetti developed an active badge system. The badges were worn around the neck and operated only in specially-wired buildings, where each room and door has an infra-red tranceiver to communicate with the badge.<ref>Greaves, David. Olivetti Research Active Badge. 2000. http://koo.corpus.cam.ac.uk/projects/badges/index.html</ref> The Active Badge used using infrared signals to communicate a person's location: Olivetti developed a name badge that transmitted a unique id to IR receivers placed in rooms around a building. This allowed these "smart rooms" to track a person's location and log it in a central database.		In 1990 Italian computer manufacturer Olivetti developed an active badge system<ref>http://www.media.mit.edu/wearables/lizzy/timeline.html#1990b</ref>. The badges were worn around the neck and operated only in specially-wired buildings, where each room and door has an infra-red tranceiver to communicate with the badge.<ref>Greaves, David. Olivetti Research Active Badge. 2000. http://koo.corpus.cam.ac.uk/projects/badges/index.html</ref> The Active Badge used using infrared signals to communicate a person's location: Olivetti developed a name badge that transmitted a unique id to IR receivers placed in rooms around a building. This allowed these "smart rooms" to track a person's location and log it in a central database.

	Much of what was possible with early wearable computing is now possible with mobile phones. David Greaves wore an Active Badge at Cambridge University to unlock the buildings where he worked and to give out his location.<ref>Ibid.</ref>. Although the Active Badge was useful, Greaves mentioned his colleagues "stopped wearing their badges in the office environment once they had a mobile phone".<ref>Ibid.</ref>		Much of what was possible with early wearable computing is now possible with mobile phones. David Greaves wore an Active Badge at Cambridge University to unlock the buildings where he worked and to give out his location.<ref>Ibid.</ref>. Although the Active Badge was useful, Greaves mentioned his colleagues "stopped wearing their badges in the office environment once they had a mobile phone".<ref>Ibid.</ref>

Caseorganic at 16:24, 27 January 2013

2013-01-27T16:24:31Z

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	===History===		===History===
	~~One~~ of the first ~~technologists to pioneer the idea~~ of ~~being able to compute anywhere and be connected was professor and~~ wearable ~~computing pioneer~~ Steve Mann. Mann ~~thought~~ that humans ~~should not contort to computers, but~~ that computers should ~~contort~~ to ~~humans~~. While enrolled in classes at MIT, Mann wore 80 pounds of computing equipment almost everywhere he went. As time progressed, computing became lighter, and Steve Mann’s load became less burdensome while still retaining the same functionality. In December 1994, Steve Mann developed the "Wearable Wireless Webcam." Webcam transmitted images point-to-point from a head-mounted analog camera to an SGI base station via amateur TV frequencies. The images were processed by the base station and displayed on a webpage in near real-time.<ref>Kieffner, Tara. Wearable Computers: An Overview. Published to Indiana State University personal website of Professor Jeffrey S. Harper. Accessed Jul 2011. http://misnt.indstate.edu/harper/Wearable_Computers.html</ref>		====Blackjack====
			In 1961 mathematician Edward O. Thorp, best known as “The father of wearable computer" and Claude Shannon built the world’s first wearable computer, a computerized timing card-counting device for blackjack.<ref>A Short History of Wearable Computers http://5election.com/2012/09/03/a-short-history-of-wearable-computers/</ref>

			====WearComp====
			In 1981, while still in high school, Steve Mann designed backpack-mounted computer to control photographic equipment<ref> Rhodes, Bradley. A Brief History of Wearable Computing. http://www.media.mit.edu/wearables/lizzy/timeline.html#1981b</ref>. Mann felt that humans that computers and computing environments should be available anywhere to a person, not just at a specifically designed computer terminal. While enrolled in classes at MIT, Mann wore many pounds of computing equipment almost everywhere he went. As time progressed, computing became lighter, and Steve Mann’s load became less burdensome while still retaining the same functionality. In December 1994, Steve Mann developed the "Wearable Wireless Webcam." Webcam transmitted images point-to-point from a head-mounted analog camera to an SGI base station via amateur TV frequencies. The images were processed by the base station and displayed on a webpage in near real-time.<ref>Kieffner, Tara. Wearable Computers: An Overview. Published to Indiana State University personal website of Professor Jeffrey S. Harper. Accessed Jul 2011. http://misnt.indstate.edu/harper/Wearable_Computers.html</ref>

	Steve Mann envisioned a future in which hardware could be downloaded in as easily as software. Where one’s contact lens prescription could change during the day based on one’s needs. A future where a device morphs is the most fluid and liquid that an interface can become. Interfaces today are limited by their external structure. This limitation will dissolve when the hardware dissolves. Computers have diminished in volume from gymnasiums to desktops to pockets, and computer screens have become liquid, allowing buttons to appear anywhere they are needed. Although the Internet is invisible and seemingly omnipresent, it is only accessible by two-dimensional interfaces on physical machines in connected fields.		Steve Mann envisioned a future in which hardware could be downloaded in as easily as software. Where one’s contact lens prescription could change during the day based on one’s needs. A future where a device morphs is the most fluid and liquid that an interface can become. Interfaces today are limited by their external structure. This limitation will dissolve when the hardware dissolves. Computers have diminished in volume from gymnasiums to desktops to pockets, and computer screens have become liquid, allowing buttons to appear anywhere they are needed. Although the Internet is invisible and seemingly omnipresent, it is only accessible by two-dimensional interfaces on physical machines in connected fields.

	~~It has only been a recent occurrence that we’ve been able~~ to ~~carry around complex computational interfaces~~ in ~~our pockets~~, ~~increasing technological capabilities into~~ our everyday ~~lives~~. ~~Until this point~~, ~~one had~~ to ~~be in~~ a ~~certain time~~ and ~~place~~ in ~~order~~ to ~~access computing power~~. This ~~usually meant~~ a ~~college or university,~~ and ~~sometimes between the hours of 3 and 6 AM~~.		Dr. Mann's WearComp invention dates back to his high school days in the 1970s and early 1980s, where he was experimenting with wearable computing and personal imaging as a hobby <ref>Mann, Steve. I AM A CAMERA: Humanistic Intelligence is the medium; our everyday living is the message. Keynote Address at the McLuhan Symposium on Culture and Technology, Friday, October 23, 1998. Posted to Wearcam.org Accessed Jul 2011. http://wearcam.org/mcluhan-keynote.htm</ref>. "Unlike other wearable devices (wristwatches, regular eyeglasses, wearable radios, etc.), a WearComp is as reconfigurable as the familiar desktop or mainframe computer. Unlike other computers (including laptops and PDAs), a WearComp is inextricably intertwined with its wearer - WearComp's "always ready" characteristic leads to a new form of synergy between human and computer".<ref>Mann, Steve. WhereComp. Glossary of Definitions. Eyetap.org. Adapted from Steve Mann's address Wearable Computing as Means for Personal Empowerment. Keynote Address for The First International Conference on Wearable Computing, ICWC-98, May 12-13, 1998. Fairfax, VA. Accessed Jul. 2011. http://www.eyetap.org/defs/glossary/wearcomp/</ref>

			====Active Badge====
			In 1990 Italian computer manufacturer Olivetti developed an active badge system. The badges were worn around the neck and operated only in specially-wired buildings, where each room and door has an infra-red tranceiver to communicate with the badge.<ref>Greaves, David. Olivetti Research Active Badge. 2000. http://koo.corpus.cam.ac.uk/projects/badges/index.html</ref> The Active Badge used using infrared signals to communicate a person's location: Olivetti developed a name badge that transmitted a unique id to IR receivers placed in rooms around a building. This allowed these "smart rooms" to track a person's location and log it in a central database.

	~~Dr. Mann's WearComp invention dates back to his high school days in the 1970s and early 1980s, where he~~ was ~~experimenting~~ with wearable computing ~~and personal imaging as a hobby <ref>Mann, Steve. I AM A CAMERA: Humanistic Intelligence~~ is ~~the medium; our everyday living is the message~~. ~~Keynote Address~~ at the ~~McLuhan Symposium on Culture~~ and ~~Technology, Friday, October 23, 1998. Posted~~ to ~~Wearcam~~.~~org Accessed Jul 2011. http://wearcam.org/mcluhan-keynote~~.~~htm~~</ref>. ~~"Unlike other wearable devices (wristwatches, regular eyeglasses, wearable radios, etc.), a WearComp is as reconfigurable as~~ the ~~familiar desktop or mainframe computer. Unlike other computers (including laptops and PDAs)~~, ~~a WearComp is inextricably intertwined with its wearer - WearComp's~~ "~~always ready" characteristic leads to~~ a ~~new form of synergy between human and computer~~".<ref>~~Mann, Steve. WhereComp. Glossary of Definitions. Eyetap.org~~. Adapted from Steve Mann's address Wearable Computing as Means for Personal Empowerment. Keynote Address for The First International Conference on Wearable Computing, ICWC-98, May 12-13, 1998. Fairfax, VA. Accessed Jul. 2011. http://www.eyetap.org/defs/glossary/wearcomp/</ref>		Much of what was possible with early wearable computing is now possible with mobile phones. David Greaves wore an Active Badge at Cambridge University to unlock the buildings where he worked and to give out his location.<ref>Ibid.</ref>. Although the Active Badge was useful, Greaves mentioned his colleagues "stopped wearing their badges in the office environment once they had a mobile phone".<ref>Ibid.</ref>

			===Guidelines for Wearable Computing===
	Steve Mann formally defined wearable computing in terms of its three basic modes of operation and its six fundamental attributes.<ref>Mann, Steve. Definition of Wearcomp. EyeTap.org. Accessed Jul 2011. http://www.eyetap.org/defs/glossary/wearcomp/</ref><ref>Adapted from Steve Mann's address. Wearable Computing as Means for Personal Empowerment Keynote Address for The First International Conference on Wearable Computing, ICWC-98, May 12-13, Fairfax, VA. Published by S. Mann to eyetap.org. Accessed Jul 2011. http://www.eyetap.org/defs/glossary/wearcomp/</ref>		Steve Mann formally defined wearable computing in terms of its three basic modes of operation and its six fundamental attributes.<ref>Mann, Steve. Definition of Wearcomp. EyeTap.org. Accessed Jul 2011. http://www.eyetap.org/defs/glossary/wearcomp/</ref><ref>Adapted from Steve Mann's address. Wearable Computing as Means for Personal Empowerment Keynote Address for The First International Conference on Wearable Computing, ICWC-98, May 12-13, Fairfax, VA. Published by S. Mann to eyetap.org. Accessed Jul 2011. http://www.eyetap.org/defs/glossary/wearcomp/</ref>

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	===Future of Wearable Computing===		===Future of Wearable Computing===
	The whole of the Internet is an invisible, 4th dimensional potentiality with portals of different sizes, shapes, and capabilities. The hardware determines the size of the portal, the connection determines the rate of information flow, and the software/web browser and the sites within that web browser determine the rate of information absorption into the mind. The rate of information absorption is dependent upon the format of the information presented. The best wearable computers will evaporate over time until they are no longer noticeable or are proper ubiquitous extensions of the self, as valuable and as iconic as sports cars and external transport structures for the physical body. Their interfaces will be invisible. All that is solid will melt into air.		The best wearable computers will evaporate over time until they are no longer noticeable or are proper ubiquitous extensions of the self, as valuable and as iconic as sports cars and external transport structures for the physical body. Their interfaces will be invisible. All that is solid will melt into air.

	==Additional Reading==		==Additional Reading==
	*[[Thad Starner]]		*[[Thad Starner]]
	*[[Diminished Reality]]		*[[Diminished Reality]]
			*[[Calm Computing]]
			*[[Mark Weiser]]
			*[[Active Badge]]
			*[[James Fung]]
			*[[Wearcomp]]
			*[[Sousveillance]]

	== References ==		== References ==

Caseorganic at 23:41, 7 August 2012

2012-08-07T23:41:11Z

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	[[Category:Book Pages]]		[[Category:Book Pages]]
	[[Category:Finished]]		[[Category:Finished]]
			[[Category:Illustrated V2]]

	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__

Caseorganic at 15:34, 19 December 2011

2011-12-19T15:34:55Z

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	===Operational Modes of Wearable Computing===		===Operational Modes of Wearable Computing===
	Mann defined three operational modes in this new interaction between human and computer, and six informational flow paths.<ref>Mann, Steve. Definition of "Wearable Computer". Wearable Computer Definition taken from Steve Mann's Keynote Address entitled "Wearable computing as means for personal empowerment" presented at the 1998 International Conference on Wearable Computing ICWC-98, Fairfax VA, May 1998. Published to Wearcomp.org. Accessed Jul 2011. http://wearcomp.org/wearcompdef.html</ref> The three operational modes and their attributes will be listed here. For further reading, see the references section of this entry. It is recommended that anyone working on wearable computing read Mann's work on the Eyetap and follow the full set of guidelines for wearable computing.		Mann defined three operational modes in this new interaction between human and computer, and six informational flow paths.<ref>Mann, Steve. Definition of "Wearable Computer". Wearable Computer Definition taken from Steve Mann's Keynote Address entitled "Wearable computing as means for personal empowerment" presented at the 1998 International Conference on Wearable Computing ICWC-98, Fairfax VA, May 1998. Published to Wearcomp.org. Accessed Jul 2011. http://wearcomp.org/wearcompdef.html</ref> The three operational modes and their attributes will be listed here. For further reading, see the references section of this entry. It is recommended that anyone working on wearable computing read Mann's work on the Eyetap and follow the full set of guidelines for wearable computing.

	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	====Constancy~~====~~		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
	The computer runs continuously, and is always ready to interact with the user. Unlike a hand-held device, laptop computer, or PDA, it does not need to be opened up and turned on prior to use. The signal flow from human to computer, and computer to human runs continuously to provide a constant user interface.		\|-
			! Constancy
	~~====Augmentation====~~		! Augmentation
	Traditional computing paradigms are based on the notion that computing is the primary task. Wearable computing, however, is based on the notion that computing is NOT the primary task. The assumption of wearable computing is that the user will be doing something else at the same time as doing the computing. Thus the computer should serve to augment the intellect, or augment the senses.		! Mediation
			! Solitude
	~~====Mediation====~~		! Privacy
	Unlike hand held devices, laptop computers, and PDAs, the wearable computer can encapsulate us ~~(Fig. 1c)~~. It doesn't necessarily need to completely enclose us, but the concept allows for a greater degree of encapsulation than traditional portable computers. ~~There are two aspects~~ to ~~this encapsulation:~~		\|-
			\| The computer runs continuously, and is always ready to interact with the user. Unlike a hand-held device, laptop computer, or PDA, it does not need to be opened up and turned on prior to use. The signal flow from human to computer, and computer to human runs continuously to provide a constant user interface.
			\| Traditional computing paradigms are based on the notion that computing is the primary task. Wearable computing, however, is based on the notion that computing is NOT the primary task. The assumption of wearable computing is that the user will be doing something else at the same time as doing the computing. Thus the computer should serve to augment the intellect, or augment the senses.
			\| Unlike hand held devices, laptop computers, and PDAs, the wearable computer can encapsulate us. It doesn't necessarily need to completely enclose us, but the concept allows for a greater degree of encapsulation than traditional portable computers.
			\| It can function as an information filter, and allow us to block out material we might not wish to experience, whether it be offensive advertising, or simply a desire to replace existing media with different media. In less severe manifestations, it may simply allow us to alter our perception of reality in a very mild sort of way.
			\| Mediation allows us to block or modify information leaving our encapsulated space. In the same way that ordinary clothing prevents others from seeing our naked bodies, the wearable computer may, for example, serve as an intermediary for interacting with untrusted systems, such as third party digital anonymous cash "cyberwallets".
			\|}
			</blockquote>

	~~=====Solitude=====~~
	It can function as an information filter, and allow us to block out material we might not wish to experience, whether it be offensive advertising, or simply a desire to replace existing media with different media. In less severe manifestations, it may simply allow us to alter our perception of reality in a very mild sort of way.

	~~=====Privacy=====~~
	Mediation allows us to block or modify information leaving our encapsulated space. In the same way that ordinary clothing prevents others from seeing our naked bodies, the wearable computer may, for example, serve as an intermediary for interacting with untrusted systems, such as third party digital anonymous cash "cyberwallets".
	~~</blockquote>~~
	===Future of Wearable Computing===		===Future of Wearable Computing===
	The whole of the Internet is an invisible, 4th dimensional potentiality with portals of different sizes, shapes, and capabilities. The hardware determines the size of the portal, the connection determines the rate of information flow, and the software/web browser and the sites within that web browser determine the rate of information absorption into the mind. The rate of information absorption is dependent upon the format of the information presented. The best wearable computers will evaporate over time until they are no longer noticeable or are proper ubiquitous extensions of the self, as valuable and as iconic as sports cars and external transport structures for the physical body. Their interfaces will be invisible. All that is solid will melt into air.		The whole of the Internet is an invisible, 4th dimensional potentiality with portals of different sizes, shapes, and capabilities. The hardware determines the size of the portal, the connection determines the rate of information flow, and the software/web browser and the sites within that web browser determine the rate of information absorption into the mind. The rate of information absorption is dependent upon the format of the information presented. The best wearable computers will evaporate over time until they are no longer noticeable or are proper ubiquitous extensions of the self, as valuable and as iconic as sports cars and external transport structures for the physical body. Their interfaces will be invisible. All that is solid will melt into air.

Caseorganic at 21:19, 29 October 2011

2011-10-29T21:19:34Z

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	===Operational Modes of Wearable Computing===		===Operational Modes of Wearable Computing===
	Mann defined three operational modes in this new interaction between human and computer, and six informational flow paths.<ref>Mann, Steve. Definition of "Wearable Computer". Wearable Computer Definition taken from Steve Mann's Keynote Address entitled "~~WEARABLE COMPUTING~~ as means for ~~PERSONAL EMPOWERMENT~~" presented at the 1998 International Conference on Wearable Computing ICWC-98, Fairfax VA, May 1998. Published to Wearcomp.org. Accessed Jul 2011. http://wearcomp.org/wearcompdef.html</ref> The three operational modes and their attributes will be listed here. For further reading, see the references section of this entry. It is recommended that anyone working on wearable computing read Mann's work on the Eyetap and follow the full set of guidelines for wearable computing.		Mann defined three operational modes in this new interaction between human and computer, and six informational flow paths.<ref>Mann, Steve. Definition of "Wearable Computer". Wearable Computer Definition taken from Steve Mann's Keynote Address entitled "Wearable computing as means for personal empowerment" presented at the 1998 International Conference on Wearable Computing ICWC-98, Fairfax VA, May 1998. Published to Wearcomp.org. Accessed Jul 2011. http://wearcomp.org/wearcompdef.html</ref> The three operational modes and their attributes will be listed here. For further reading, see the references section of this entry. It is recommended that anyone working on wearable computing read Mann's work on the Eyetap and follow the full set of guidelines for wearable computing.
	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	====Constancy====		====Constancy====

Caseorganic at 21:18, 29 October 2011

2011-10-29T21:18:50Z

Show changes

Caseorganic: Minor cleanups

2011-10-29T19:26:39Z

Minor cleanups

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:26, 29 October 2011
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	===WearCam: The Wearable Camera===		===WearCam: The Wearable Camera===
	Dr. Mann's WearComp invention dates back to his high school days in the 1970s and early 1980s, where he was experimenting with wearable computing and personal imaging as a ~~personal~~ hobby <ref>http://wearcam.org/mcluhan-keynote.htm</ref>. "Unlike other wearable devices (wristwatches, regular eyeglasses, wearable radios, etc.), a WearComp is as reconfigurable as the familiar desktop or mainframe computer. Unlike other computers (including laptops and PDAs), a WearComp is inextricably intertwined with its wearer - WearComp's "always ready" characteristic leads to a new form of synergy between human and computer".<ref>http://www.eyetap.org/defs/glossary/wearcomp/</ref>		Dr. Mann's WearComp invention dates back to his high school days in the 1970s and early 1980s, where he was experimenting with wearable computing and personal imaging as a hobby <ref>http://wearcam.org/mcluhan-keynote.htm</ref>. "Unlike other wearable devices (wristwatches, regular eyeglasses, wearable radios, etc.), a WearComp is as reconfigurable as the familiar desktop or mainframe computer. Unlike other computers (including laptops and PDAs), a WearComp is inextricably intertwined with its wearer - WearComp's "always ready" characteristic leads to a new form of synergy between human and computer".<ref>http://www.eyetap.org/defs/glossary/wearcomp/</ref>

	===Modern Wearable Computing===		===Modern Wearable Computing===
	Although the Internet is invisible and seemingly omnipresent, it is only accessible by two-dimensional interfaces on physical machines in connected fields. It has only been a recent occurrence that we’ve been able to carry around complex computational interfaces in our pockets, increasing technological capabilities into our everyday lives. Until this point, one had to be in a certain time and place in order to access computing power. This usually meant a college or university, and sometimes between the hours of 3 and 6 Am.		Although the Internet is invisible and seemingly omnipresent, it is only accessible by two-dimensional interfaces on physical machines in connected fields. It has only been a recent occurrence that we’ve been able to carry around complex computational interfaces in our pockets, increasing technological capabilities into our everyday lives. Until this point, one had to be in a certain time and place in order to access computing power. This usually meant a college or university, and sometimes between the hours of 3 and 6 AM.

	==Steve Mann's Formal Definition of Wearable Computing==		==Steve Mann's Formal Definition of Wearable Computing==

Aaronpk: formatting

2011-09-30T15:16:01Z

formatting

Show changes

And.awarner at 22:43, 30 June 2011

2011-06-30T22:43:30Z

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 There are six informational flow paths associated with this new human-machine synergy. These signal flow paths are, in fact, attributes of wearable computing, and are described, in what follows, from the human's point of view:
 {{LeftColumn}}
 </privacy>
 {{EndColumn}}