Cybernetics - Revision history

Caseorganic at 23:46, 7 August 2012

2012-08-07T23:46:56Z

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			[[Category:Book Pages]]
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Caseorganic at 03:34, 12 October 2011

2011-10-12T03:34:24Z

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	===Definition===		===Definition===
	"Cybernetics is a ~~branch~~ of ~~mathematics that is concerned with information flow in complex systems (e.g. in computers). Processes in such systems are self-maintaining; they swing around a center~~. ~~Like a biclycist, the process is in equilibrium because the wheels keep turning around"~~		"Cybernetics" comes from a Greek word meaning "the art of steering".

	~~"Feedback~~ is ~~the preferred term for this phenomenon. Feedback takes place when the result of~~ a ~~series of actions affect the preconditions for theses actions, so similar processes keep repeating themselves again~~ and ~~again~~. If feedback ~~is positive~~, ~~the preconditions are affected in such~~ a ~~way~~ that ~~certain processes are consistently either strengthened or weakened (examples are population growth, progress, depression, war)~~. ~~With negative feedback~~, "~~dynamic equilibrium~~" ~~is maintained in the system - the system stays in place by keeping in motion" [~~http://www.~~anthrobase~~.com/~~Dic~~/~~eng/def~~/cybernetics.~~htm]~~.		Cybernetics is about having a goal and taking action to achieve that goal.

			Knowing whether you have reached your goal (or at least are getting closer to it) requires "feedback",
			a concept that comes from cybernetics.<ref>Pangaro, Paul "Getting Started" Guide to Cybernetics. Pangaro.com http://www.pangaro.com/published/cyber-macmillan.html Accessed Oct 2011.</ref>

			In Cybernetics, Wiener defined three central concepts which he maintains were crucial in any organism or system. They are communication, control and feedback. Wiener coined the term "cybernetics" to designate the important role that feedback plays in a communication system. He took the word from the Greek term "kybernetes" meaning "governor" or "steersman."<ref>Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1948, pp. 11-12.</ref> Wiener believed that the digital computer had raised the question of the relationship between the human and the machine, and that it was necessary to explore that relationship in a scientific manner.

	===History===		===History===
	[[Gregory Bateson\|Bateson]], who had been close to the American group that originally developed cybernetics in the 1940's, brought cybernetics to anthropology at an early stage. The influence of cybernetics is also clearly visible in as diverse authors as [[Claude Lévi-Strauss\|Lévi-Strauss]], Giddens and Barth” [http://www.anthrobase.com/Dic/eng/index.html].		[[Gregory Bateson\|Bateson]], who had been close to the American group that originally developed cybernetics in the 1940's, brought cybernetics to anthropology at an early stage. The influence of cybernetics is also clearly visible in as diverse authors as [[Claude Lévi-Strauss\|Lévi-Strauss]], Giddens and Barth”<ref>Anthrobase http://www.anthrobase.com/Dic/eng/index.html</ref>

	===Applications===		===Applications===
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	*[http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/INDEXASC.html The Web Dictionary of Cybernetics and Systems]		*[http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/INDEXASC.html The Web Dictionary of Cybernetics and Systems]
	*[[4th Wave Cybernetics]]		*[[4th Wave Cybernetics]]

			==References==
			<references />

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Caseorganic at 15:40, 19 April 2011

2011-04-19T15:40:49Z

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	*[http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/INDEXASC.html The Web Dictionary of Cybernetics and Systems]		*[http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/INDEXASC.html The Web Dictionary of Cybernetics and Systems]
	*[[4th Wave Cybernetics]]		*[[4th Wave Cybernetics]]

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Caseorganic at 15:40, 19 April 2011

2011-04-19T15:40:34Z

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	===Further Reading===		===Further Reading===
	[http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/INDEXASC.html The Web Dictionary of Cybernetics and Systems]		*[http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/INDEXASC.html The Web Dictionary of Cybernetics and Systems]
			*[[4th Wave Cybernetics]]

Caseorganic at 13:08, 21 November 2010

2010-11-21T13:08:31Z

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			===Definition===
			"Cybernetics is a branch of mathematics that is concerned with information flow in complex systems (e.g. in computers). Processes in such systems are self-maintaining; they swing around a center. Like a biclycist, the process is in equilibrium because the wheels keep turning around"

			"Feedback is the preferred term for this phenomenon. Feedback takes place when the result of a series of actions affect the preconditions for theses actions, so similar processes keep repeating themselves again and again. If feedback is positive, the preconditions are affected in such a way that certain processes are consistently either strengthened or weakened (examples are population growth, progress, depression, war). With negative feedback, "dynamic equilibrium" is maintained in the system - the system stays in place by keeping in motion" [http://www.anthrobase.com/Dic/eng/def/cybernetics.htm].

	===History===		===History===
	~~“Cybernetics has may applications in sciences such as biology, economy, statistics, ecology, psychology, astronomy and meterology.~~ [[Gregory Bateson\|Bateson]], who had been close to the American group that originally developed cybernetics in the 1940's, brought cybernetics to anthropology at an early stage. The influence of cybernetics is also clearly visible in as diverse authors as [[Claude Lévi-Strauss\|Lévi-Strauss]], Giddens and Barth” [http://www.anthrobase.com/Dic/eng/index.html].		[[Gregory Bateson\|Bateson]], who had been close to the American group that originally developed cybernetics in the 1940's, brought cybernetics to anthropology at an early stage. The influence of cybernetics is also clearly visible in as diverse authors as [[Claude Lévi-Strauss\|Lévi-Strauss]], Giddens and Barth” [http://www.anthrobase.com/Dic/eng/index.html].

	~~See Web Dictionary of Cybernetics and Systems - an unusually valuable resource. at: http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/INDEXASC.html~~

	Cybernetics, ~~Systems Theory~~ and ~~Complexity - a collection of texts~~ and ~~readings. at: http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc_data/complexity~~.~~html~~		===Applications===
			Cybernetics has many applications in sciences such as biology, economy, statistics, ecology, psychology, astronomy and meterology (expand and reword this).

	===~~This Article Needs Expansion~~===		===Further Reading===
			[http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/INDEXASC.html The Web Dictionary of Cybernetics and Systems]

Caseorganic: Created page with '===History=== “Cybernetics has may applications in sciences such as biology, economy, statistics, ecology, psychology, astronomy and meterology. Bateson, wh…'

2010-11-21T12:58:05Z

Created page with '===History=== “Cybernetics has may applications in sciences such as biology, economy, statistics, ecology, psychology, astronomy and meterology. Bateson, wh…'

New page

===History===
“Cybernetics has may applications in sciences such as biology, economy, statistics, ecology, psychology, astronomy and meterology. [[Gregory Bateson|Bateson]], who had been close to the American group that originally developed cybernetics in the 1940's, brought cybernetics to anthropology at an early stage. The influence of cybernetics is also clearly visible in as diverse authors as [[Claude Lévi-Strauss|Lévi-Strauss]], Giddens and Barth” [http://www.anthrobase.com/Dic/eng/index.html].

See Web Dictionary of Cybernetics and Systems - an unusually valuable resource. at: http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/INDEXASC.html

Cybernetics, Systems Theory and Complexity - a collection of texts and readings. at: http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc_data/complexity.html

===This Article Needs Expansion===