Difference between revisions of "Metastable Systems"
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The key characteristics of metastable systems include: | The key characteristics of metastable systems include: | ||
*Existence in a precarious balance point far from thermal equilibrium | *Existence in a precarious balance point far from thermal equilibrium | ||
| − | Potential for great latent energy | + | *Potential for great latent energy |
*Displays both solid and liquid characteristics | *Displays both solid and liquid characteristics | ||
*Transitions to a more stable state under sufficient external perturbation | *Transitions to a more stable state under sufficient external perturbation | ||
Revision as of 15:48, 28 October 2023
Definition
A metastable system is one that exists in a delicate equilibrium between stability and change. Though metastable systems may appear stable, small fluctuations can trigger significant transformations in their state or structure. Metastability is an important concept across numerous fields.
The key characteristics of metastable systems include:
- Existence in a precarious balance point far from thermal equilibrium
- Potential for great latent energy
- Displays both solid and liquid characteristics
- Transitions to a more stable state under sufficient external perturbation
- Metastable systems are widespread in nature and technology. Subtle shifts in conditions can cause rapid phase transitions from the metastable regime to a stable equilibrium.
Examples
- Supersaturated solutions - Exist in precarious balance with more solute than they can normally dissolve. Slight disturbances lead to rapid precipitation.
- Amorphous solids - Possess the mechanical properties of a solid but the disorderly structure of a liquid. May spontaneously crystallize.
- Social movements - Appear stable but subject to rapid mobilization given catalyzing events. E.g. Arab Spring revolutions.
- Magnetization - Magnetized materials are stuck between two energy minimums. Small fluctuations cause transitions between polarity states.
Related Reading
- Ball, P. (1999). The Self-Made Tapestry: Pattern Formation in Nature. Oxford University Press.
- Gladwell, M. (2000). The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. Little, Brown.
- Prigogine, I. & Stengers, I. (1984). Order out of Chaos: Man's New Dialogue with Nature. Bantam Books.
- Schelling, T. (1978). Micromotives and Macrobehavior. Norton.
