Difference between revisions of "Cybernetics"
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===Definition=== | ===Definition=== | ||
| − | "Cybernetics | + | "Cybernetics" comes from a Greek word meaning "the art of steering". |
| − | + | Cybernetics is about having a goal and taking action to achieve that goal. | |
| + | |||
| + | Knowing whether you have reached your goal (or at least are getting closer to it) requires "feedback", | ||
| + | a concept that comes from cybernetics.<ref>Pangaro, Paul "Getting Started" Guide to Cybernetics. Pangaro.com http://www.pangaro.com/published/cyber-macmillan.html Accessed Oct 2011.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | In Cybernetics, Wiener defined three central concepts which he maintains were crucial in any organism or system. They are communication, control and feedback. Wiener coined the term "cybernetics" to designate the important role that feedback plays in a communication system. He took the word from the Greek term "kybernetes" meaning "governor" or "steersman."<ref>Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1948, pp. 11-12.</ref> Wiener believed that the digital computer had raised the question of the relationship between the human and the machine, and that it was necessary to explore that relationship in a scientific manner. | ||
===History=== | ===History=== | ||
| − | [[Gregory Bateson|Bateson]], who had been close to the American group that originally developed cybernetics in the 1940's, brought cybernetics to anthropology at an early stage. The influence of cybernetics is also clearly visible in as diverse authors as [[Claude Lévi-Strauss|Lévi-Strauss]], Giddens and Barth” | + | [[Gregory Bateson|Bateson]], who had been close to the American group that originally developed cybernetics in the 1940's, brought cybernetics to anthropology at an early stage. The influence of cybernetics is also clearly visible in as diverse authors as [[Claude Lévi-Strauss|Lévi-Strauss]], Giddens and Barth”<ref>Anthrobase http://www.anthrobase.com/Dic/eng/index.html</ref> |
===Applications=== | ===Applications=== | ||
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*[http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/INDEXASC.html The Web Dictionary of Cybernetics and Systems] | *[http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/INDEXASC.html The Web Dictionary of Cybernetics and Systems] | ||
*[[4th Wave Cybernetics]] | *[[4th Wave Cybernetics]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | <references /> | ||
__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
Revision as of 03:34, 12 October 2011
Definition
"Cybernetics" comes from a Greek word meaning "the art of steering".
Cybernetics is about having a goal and taking action to achieve that goal.
Knowing whether you have reached your goal (or at least are getting closer to it) requires "feedback", a concept that comes from cybernetics.[1]
In Cybernetics, Wiener defined three central concepts which he maintains were crucial in any organism or system. They are communication, control and feedback. Wiener coined the term "cybernetics" to designate the important role that feedback plays in a communication system. He took the word from the Greek term "kybernetes" meaning "governor" or "steersman."[2] Wiener believed that the digital computer had raised the question of the relationship between the human and the machine, and that it was necessary to explore that relationship in a scientific manner.
History
Bateson, who had been close to the American group that originally developed cybernetics in the 1940's, brought cybernetics to anthropology at an early stage. The influence of cybernetics is also clearly visible in as diverse authors as Lévi-Strauss, Giddens and Barth”[3]
Applications
Cybernetics has many applications in sciences such as biology, economy, statistics, ecology, psychology, astronomy and meterology (expand and reword this).
Further Reading
References
- ↑ Pangaro, Paul "Getting Started" Guide to Cybernetics. Pangaro.com http://www.pangaro.com/published/cyber-macmillan.html Accessed Oct 2011.
- ↑ Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1948, pp. 11-12.
- ↑ Anthrobase http://www.anthrobase.com/Dic/eng/index.html
